# UR > UR is an open-source, decentralized privacy network: user traffic distributed > across independent miners with multi-hop routing and layered encryption, > coordinated on Bittensor (SN25). ur.xyz is the protocol's information site, > hosted by UR Foundation. The commercial network built on it lives at https://ur.io. ## Machine-readable - [Litepaper](https://ur.xyz/docs/litepaper) - [Litepaper (raw markdown)](https://ur.xyz/litepaper.md) - [Whitepaper](https://github.com/urfoundation/sn/blob/main/WHITEPAPER.md): the full subnet whitepaper, in the source repository - [Source code](https://github.com/urfoundation/sn): the UR subnet repository, with the miner, the validator and the mainnet runbooks - [Everything in one file](https://ur.xyz/llms-full.txt): this file, the litepaper, the three role guides and the investor materials - [Network operator list (YAML)](https://ur.xyz/operators.yml): the network operators miners and validators serve; they refresh it hourly - [Price sheet (YAML)](https://ur.xyz/price.yml): the published demand deposits, in alpha per GiB and per user for each 7-day block, by staked-alpha tier - [Price sheet changes (RSS)](https://ur.xyz/price.rss): a feed of changes to the published price sheet - [Security contact](https://ur.xyz/.well-known/security.txt): report vulnerabilities to [security@ur.xyz](mailto:security@ur.xyz) under the [disclosure policy](https://ur.xyz/vdp) - For connecting an agent to the network itself (MCP server, x402): [ur.io agents guide](https://ur.io/agents.md) ## Pages - [Home](https://ur.xyz/): UR is an open-source, decentralized privacy network on Bittensor SN25: miners carry encrypted traffic, validators measure it, and operators bring the demand. - [Operators](https://ur.xyz/operators): Network operators run UR privacy servers and the /verify endpoint, deposit alpha as a revenue-backed demand signal, and report the usage their miners are… - [Miners](https://ur.xyz/miners): UR miners keep IPv4 /29 and IPv6 /48 subnets routable for encrypted traffic on Bittensor SN25, and earn emissions for the traffic they carry and their… - [Validators](https://ur.xyz/validators): UR validators stake their own UR, walk operator-assigned chains of miners to prove real-time transit, and earn Bittensor dividends for accurate scoring. - [Research](https://ur.xyz/research): UR research in the open: routing, matching, transfer and reward algorithms with source and anonymized data, the Apex SN1 latency competition, and audits. - [August–October 2026 Research Report](https://ur.xyz/research/2026-q3-report): Why UR’s network research matters, its gigabit-class milestone, and 39 measured changes from August 24 to October 24, 2026, with how far each kind of gain went. - [Build on UR](https://ur.xyz/build): Build products on UR as a Network Operator using shared residential capacity, measured service quality, and the SN25 incentive layer. - [Network Capacity Reserve](https://ur.xyz/reserve): Reserve for ongoing capacity optimisations: the SN25 miner emissions momentum leaves, paying providers for verified network capacity. Read live from Bittensor. - [Mainnet](https://ur.xyz/mainnet): The SN25 mainnet launch by payout epoch: version 1 from October 8, then settlement v2, targeted from epoch 4 (October 30), with first claims from November 8 at the earliest. - [Investor Centre](https://ur.xyz/investors): UR investor updates, materials, and public research: letters, the litepaper, and third-party audits, with live network dashboards. - [UR (SN25) launches open competition on Apex (SN1)](https://ur.xyz/investors/apex-competition): UR (SN25) opens its routing and provider-matching problem to the Bittensor research community through an open competition on Apex (SN1), operated by Macrocosmos. - [Funding network capacity for UR’s operator ecosystem](https://ur.xyz/investors/funding-network-capacity) ([PDF](https://ur.xyz/investors/ur-network-capacity-letter.pdf)): Introducing the Network Capacity Reserve, which retains excess emissions to fund the capacity UR’s operators need. - [September Letter to Tokenholders](https://ur.xyz/investors/letter-to-tokenholders-september-2026) ([PDF](https://ur.xyz/investors/ur-letter-to-tokenholders-september-2026.pdf)): Brien and Jack outline preparations for UR's mainnet launch, the next phase of SN25, Project Meridian, and the mission to make privacy an expected property of the internet. - [Our Letter to Bittensor](https://ur.xyz/investors/our-letter-to-bittensor) ([PDF](https://ur.xyz/investors/our-letter-to-bittensor.pdf)): A letter from Jack and Brien on launching UR (SN25), growing a global network of residential operators, and building a free and open internet together. - [UR team locks 550,000 alpha in perpetual conviction](https://ur.xyz/investors/conviction-lock) ([PDF](https://ur.xyz/investors/ur-conviction-lock-announcement.pdf)): UR's management team has locked 550,000 alpha under perpetual conviction, taking total locked alpha behind SN25 to 27.1 per cent of circulating supply. - [Introduction to UR (SN25)](https://ur.xyz/investors/deck) ([PDF](https://ur.xyz/investors/ur-investor-deck.pdf)): How UR works, what is live today, the projects in research, and the opportunity for network operators to build on the subnet to compound demand. - [About](https://ur.xyz/about): UR is an open-source protocol for private internet applications on a global network of independent bandwidth providers. Meet its core contributors. - [Usage Cost](https://ur.xyz/price): Operators fund the network with demand deposits: α deposited each block (7 days) for the data and users they serve. ## Docs - [Documentation index](https://ur.xyz/docs) - [How to run a miner](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner.md): Start mining on UR in a few steps. What a miner does, what you need, a quick start, and where each part of the miner guide lives. - [Install the miner](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/install.md): Install the UR miner. The installers for Linux, macOS and Windows with automatic updates, a manual download, and building the provider from source. - [Run and monitor the miner](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/run.md): Run the UR miner day to day. Start and stop it, choose an operator, keep it running in the background, read its logs and status page, and back it up. - [Keep the miner up to date](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/updates.md): Keep the UR miner up to date. How the installers and the miner's own service update it automatically, how to check, change or turn off updates, and stay on one version. - [Get paid for mining](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/rewards.md): Get paid for mining on UR. Set the payout wallet your miner earns to, understand how pool rewards are counted per epoch, and claim them to your coldkey. - [Miner troubleshooting](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/troubleshooting.md): Fix common UR miner problems. Sign-in errors, a miner that stops straight away or keeps getting refused, wallet and claim errors, and where to ask for help. - [Advanced mining](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/advanced.md): Advanced UR mining. Mine every listed operator with one hotkey, run several exits on one host, automate or separate claims, and claim your own miner UID as a head-tier fleet. - [Miner reference](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/miner/reference.md): UR miner reference. The provider commands and options, the installers' urnet-tools commands, the files the miner keeps, environment variables and a glossary. - [How to run a validator](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/validator.md): Install and run the current SN25 validator, provision its keys and production configuration, monitor validation, and withdraw native validator rewards. - [How to become a network operator](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/operator.md): Run a URnetwork operator in one binary, configure PostgreSQL, Redis and Warp resources for main, and operate the SN25 reward pipeline. - [UR Litepaper: A privacy network coordinated on Bittensor](https://ur.xyz/docs-md/litepaper.md): How UR works: a decentralized privacy network on Bittensor SN25 where miners carry encrypted traffic, validators measure it, and operators bring the demand. ## Optional - [MASA L2 2025 audit (PDF): third-party peer audit](https://ur.xyz/audits/masa-l2-2025.pdf) - [Terms of Service](https://ur.xyz/terms) ([markdown](https://ur.xyz/terms.md)): The Terms of Service for ur.xyz, the UR protocol information site hosted by UR Foundation. - [Privacy Policy](https://ur.xyz/privacy) ([markdown](https://ur.xyz/privacy.md)): How UR Foundation collects, uses and protects information about visitors to ur.xyz, including wallet addresses, and how to exercise your privacy rights. - [Vulnerability Disclosure Policy](https://ur.xyz/vdp) ([markdown](https://ur.xyz/vdp.md)): How to report security vulnerabilities in UR Foundation assets, and the safe harbor extended to good-faith research.