UR is an open source protocol powering network infrastructure, maintained by its community. For URnetwork products (eg: VPN), go to ur.io

Research

Open algorithms, open data.

Algo competition — powered by Apex (SN1)

Aiming to ship the Apex algo competition by end of month with the 25 launch; targeting a measurable 10–20% average latency improvement on the matchmaking / routing algorithm.

Join Research

The protocol is a decentralized-native, multi-IP, multi-transport system designed to scale to millions of miners per network operator. Each algorithm area below is published with its source and, where applicable, anonymized data sets for independent analysis.

URTRANSPORT1

Performance

Multi-hop routing via TCP transports focused on global accessibility. UDP and peer-to-peer stream upgrades are supported with integration of WebRTC, XRay, and WireGuard planned.

transport.go
UREXTENDER1

Accessibility

N-layer TLS encryption (N≥2) where each outer layer uses a self-signed cert with SNI spoofing to an intermediary IP, forwarding to another hop or an end-to-end TLS connection. Anyone can host an extender on any domain.

net_extender.go
UR-FP2

Client–Miner Matching

Sampling algorithm that loads a 10× random sample of potential miners and shuffles proportional to reliability × client score. Sybil resistance is guaranteed by the constraint that reliability sums to at most 1 per IP subnet.

network_client_location_model.go
UR-MULTI

Multi Client

Heuristic sweep algorithm managing a window of miners. Locks traffic into the top available tier based on transfer thresholds rather than protocol analysis.

ip_remote_multi_client.go
UR-TRANSFER

Transfer

Reliable delivery window tuned for high-latency environments. Protocol retransmits are disabled since the window provides reliable delivery. Distributes traffic across transports by ranked performance.

transfer.go
UR-IP

IP Egress

Minimal-memory IP stack implementation. Assumes reliable peer communication via the transfer layer, so retransmits are optimized accordingly.

ip.go
UR-PSUB2

Reward Allocation

Independent validators score every operator pool by demand and measured quality; Bittensor's Yuma Consensus turns those scores into emission. Within a pool, an operator ranks its miners by contracts served and reliability, commits a Merkle payout root each cycle, and every miner claims its share directly from the settlement contract.

account_payment_model_plan.go
UR-CONTRACT

Permission

Transfer between parties requires an encrypted contract with escrowed balance and a permission set. Both sides must close with acknowledged byte counts; disagreements trigger a forced resolution process.

subscription_model.go
UR-SEC1

Safety

Port block list and IP block list protecting the miner network. Does not perform protocol inspection — miners route only encrypted traffic.

ip_security.go

Audits

Peer audits of the protocol and its implementations.

  • Peer auditMASA L2 2026
  • Peer auditMASA L2 2025

Papers

  • Whole Internet Encryption for the whole worldarXiv — coming soon